粗绿彩丽金龟生物学特性及其防治

粗绿彩丽金龟[Mimela holosericea(Fabricius)]在甘肃省白龙江林区年发生1代,以3龄幼虫在土壤中越冬。每年4月中旬越冬幼虫开始上升为害,5月下旬老熟幼虫开始化蛹,蛹期平均18 d,7月上、中旬为成虫盛发期,6月下旬成虫开始产卵,卵期15 d。1龄幼虫期16~27 d,2龄幼虫期28~41 d,3龄幼虫期265~290 d。雌雄性比接近1∶1,成虫具趋光性,雌虫的趋光性最强。本文提出了防治措施。     

丝毛瑞香化学成分分析

通过柱层析方法对丝毛瑞香的化学成分进行分离纯化,得到12个化合物。用波谱数据和理化常数进行化合物结构鉴定,分别鉴定为：β-谷甾醇（1）、1-hexadecanol（2）、丁香醛（3）、咖啡酸正二十脂（4）、β-谷甾醇丁酸酯（5）、芹菜素（6）、4-（ethoxy）benzoicacid（7）、（2R,3S）-2-hydroxy-2,3-bis（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyben—zyl）-4-butanolide（8）、P—hydroxy—benzal-dehyde（9）、P—anisicacid（10）、对羟基苯甲酸（11）、2-hexylidene-3-methylsuccinicacid（12）。     

Responses of Four Australian Tree Species to Toxic Concentrations of Copper in Solution Culture

ABSTRACT

In Australia, metal-contaminated sites, including those with elevated levels of copper (Cu), are frequently revegetated with endemic plants. Little is known about the responses of Australian plants to excess Cu. Acacia holosericea, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Melaleuca leucadendra were grown in solution culture with six Cu treatments (0.1 to 40 μ M). While A. holosericea was the most tolerant to excess Cu, all of the species tested were sensitive to excess Cu when compared with exotic tree and agricultural species. The critical external concentrations for toxicity were < 0.7 μM for all species tested. There was little differentiation between shoot-tissue Cu concentrations in normal versus treated plants, thus, the derivation of critical shoot concentrations was possible only for the most tolerant species, A. holosericea. Critical root Cu concentrations were approximately 210 μg g^?1 (A. holosericea), 150 μ g g^?1 (E. crebra), 25 μ g g^?1 (E. camaldulensis), and 165 μ g g^?1 (M. leucadendra). These results provide the first comprehensive combination of growth responses, critical concentrations, and toxicity symptoms for three important Australian genera for use in the management of Cu-contaminated sites.     

绢毛相思染色体核型研究

研究绢毛相思的染色体数目及核型，绢毛相思体细胞染色体数目是２ｎ＝４ｘ＝５２，为四部体，其核型组成为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝５２＝４４ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ；染色体长度均在２μｍ以下，为小染色体。     

Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid treatments for potentially extending the longevity of cut Acacia holosericea foliage

Acacia holosericea is a novel cut foliage line with a short vase life. Postharvest application of salicylic acid (SA) can extend the vase life of cut flower. SA is a host defence inducer, as is jasmonic acid (JA). SA and JA were compared as vase solution additives for A. holosericea. Three experiments were conducted that also compared these two chemicals with H⁺ and Cu²⁺ as known vase life extending additives. Vase solutions containing SA at 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 mM gave ~1.3- to 1.5-fold vase life extensions as compared with the distilled water (DW; control). Provision of Cu²⁺ and JA at 0.5 mM in vase solutions also prolonged vase life by ~1.3-fold as compared with DW. The positive effect of SA tended to be greater than that of JA, but was inferior to that of Cu²⁺ at the same concentration. However, trend differences among these treatments were not statistically significant. Cut A. holosericea foliage stems treated with SA and JA exhibited higher relative fresh weight (RFW) and vase solution uptake rates as compared with DW. Overall, SA and JA evidently extended the vase life of cut A. holosericea foliage by inhibiting water loss and maintaining RFW during the vase period.     

Phosphate‐solubilizing potential of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

The nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora was tested in vitro and in vivo for its ability to solubilize rock phosphate. Three types of rock phosphate (RP) from Burkina Faso (KRP), Senegal (TRP), and Mali (TIRP) were used at four concentrations for the in‐vitro experiment. All three types of RP were solubilized by the fungus. The maximum quantity of P recovered in solution was obtained with TRP, 12.5% for an application of 1 g L^–1. The effect of TRP and A. oligospora applied separately or in combination was tested in vivo on the growth of A. holosericea. In a P‐deficient soil without addition of RP, P solubilization was increased by addition of A. oligospora. The P uptake by plants growing in soil amended with TRP and inoculated with A. oligospora was significantly higher compared to noninoculated controls, thus demonstrating the ability of the fungus to solubilize additional phosphate from RP in vivo.     

植物源昆虫调控剂研究──Ⅱ芫花活性组份的分离与生物测定

将芫花根皮乙醇提取液，用快速离心薄层分离，以正已烷等配成不同极性的溶济洗脱，获得１０个组份，再用卫茅尺蠖幼虫进行生物测定．发现２～４个极性较低、流份活性较高．其幼虫食叶量对照（茶枯水处理）减少７２％．死亡率达４１．６７％～６６．６％，根、茎、叶３部分乙醇抽取物，以根部活性最强．拒食－胃毒是其主要作用途径．